War against malaria in the tropics failed partly due to poor advice
18 September 2008
The war against malaria in tropical countries was fought and lost in
the 20th Century on the basis of faulty intelligence, a ‘dodgy dossier’
which argued that the same methods used to tackle the disease in
temperate countries would also work in the tropics.
Eradication failed in almost every tropical and sub-tropical country,
because tactics that had been proven to work in countries such as the
USA, Greece and Italy were also deployed in tropical countries, despite
the existence of evidence that they would not work, particularly in
sub-Saharan Africa.
Dr Colin Sutherland, a Senior Lecturer at the London School of
Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, explains: "Previous efforts to eradicate
malaria, if considered on a nation-by-nation basis, only succeeded in
countries where the Plasmodium parasite was weak and its mosquito
vector was vulnerable, particularly where populations were wealthy
enough to afford the best tools available.
"The failure to eradicate malaria in tropical countries, where the
parasite is now at its strongest, and the mosquitoes are doing very
well, thank you very much is, in part, due to the miscalculation that a
one-size-fits-all approach would be effective in every setting — a
miscalculation that could have been avoided if we had heeded the
evidence from Africa over half a century ago," he adds.
Dr Sutherland cautions against the obsession among the western media
with the ‘scientific breakthrough’, a concept which consequently
dominates popular notions of science. Although breakthroughs do occur, and are undoubtedly newsworthy when
they do, it is the careful synthesis of incremental advances in
knowledge, and the dissemination of that knowledge to key
decision-makers, health ministries and governments that will help us win
the war against malaria.
"In the war against malaria, knowledge is the most powerful weapon we
have," concludes Dr Sutherland.
Dr Sutherland contributed to a session entitled ‘How science
addresses developing world issues’ at the British Association for the
Advancement of Science Festival of Science in Liverpool last week. The
session looked at ways of best achieving eradication of malaria, with a
particular focus on open access publishing. It also emphasised the
importance of training and support for high calibre African scientists.