Trial of mobile technology at George Eliot Hospital shows significant
benefits
Summary
Mobile computing technologies,
combined with systems such as electronic patient records (EPR)
and electronic picture archiving and computing systems (PACS),
show great potential for improving the productivity of
healthcare workers and enhancing the efficiency of hospitals,
clinics and other healthcare organizations.
George Eliot Hospital (GEH), a 440-bed acute
care hospital in England, worked with Intel Solution Services,
to test the usefulness of mobile technologies. Twenty wireless
tablet or notebook PCs were deployed to a cross-section of care
providers. They used the devices with a mobile application
portal to access pathology and radiology results, a dashboard
application for tracking patient status, and other information
sources.
The pilot demonstrated significant time
savings for mobile clinicians and reduced administrative burden
on nurses. Specific time savings included:
- Locating pathology results during a
clinic visit: consultant and nurse saved 5 minutes each per
patient.
- Community monitoring of chronic patients:
nurses saved 45 minutes daily.
- Recording and filing surgery notes:
administrative staff and consultant saved 20 minutes per
procedure.
- Retrieving surgery notes at follow-up
visit: saved 10 minutes per patient visit.
- Charting of inpatients: ward nurse saved
10 minutes per shift, medical staff on wards saved 20
minutes per shift.
- Scanning of pre-op patients: nurses saved
45 minutes per shift.
Return on investment (ROI) analysis showed
that these and other time savings would enable the pilot to
deliver ROI in 15 months. If the technologies were extended to
consultants, senior medical staff and senior house officers
(SHOs), ROI would occur in five months. Patient safety and
quality of care were also impacted positively. Future
introduction of mobile clinical systems such as PACS and
electronic patient records will amplify the value of the mobile
technologies.
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George Eliot Hospital (GEH) is a 440-bed National Health Service Trust
hospital with 1,830 staff and an annual budget of £80 million (USD$140.5
million). GEH delivers traditional district general hospital services,
including acute services, to a local population of around 250,000 people in
the areas of Nuneaton and Bedworth, north Warwickshire, southwest
Leicestershire and Northern Coventry. In a typical year, the hospital treats
more than 23,000 inpatients and day cases, 122,000 outpatients and 58,000
visits to the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department.
GEH has a strategic mission of providing “Better care without delay” to
its patients. Hospital administrators have set a goal of becoming a
“no-wait” hospital, and are taking steps to increase the hospital’s
responsiveness, efficiency and capacity.
GEH has made significant progress toward its goals in the past fiscal
year. While admissions have increased, waiting times for elective procedures
have decreased from nine months to within six months. Ninety-five percent of
all A&E patients are now admitted within four hours, and the average is
admitted within 90 minutes. Still, further efficiency improvements are
needed if GEH is to become a no-wait hospital, and mobile technologies show
an ability to enhance the productivity.
The need for mobility
Like many hospitals around the world, George Eliot Hospital has
computerized many of its administrative functions, but relies primarily on
manual, paper-based processes for clinical care. Paper-based reports are
often error-prone, inaccurate, misfiled or delayed reaching the appropriate
ward or clinic. Quality of care is poorer when the clinician doesn’t have
timely access to all needed information. When results and reports are
missing, patients may be subjected to repeated tests or rescheduled
appointments, adding costs and inconvenience.
Some clinical information at GEH is computerized, but the interfaces are
via centralized desktop PCs or terminals, so information and applications
are not readily available at the bedside, exam room or other point of care.
This adds costs and inefficiency in a variety of ways. Clinicians make notes
by hand, which takes time and effort and often involves consolidating
existing information. Administrative staff must decipher hand-written
information and enter it into the system. In addition to requiring redundant
effort, this has the potential to introduce inaccuracies and cause delays in
keeping records up to date. Nurses spend inordinate amounts of time
gathering clinical information and printing it out for physicians. This
diverts their attention from patient care.
Space is at a premium and there are rarely enough conveniently located
desktops. Clinical staff often can’t get physical access to desktops during
peak times. They either walk to another location in the hospital to locate a
free system or queue to use the ward desktop. Both options result in wasted
time and reduced access to vital information. Information systems are
supported by different departments and require different user credentials to
access. A care giver may have to learn and master several different user
interfaces, which wastes the time of busy professionals.
Management productivity and effectiveness are also affected by the lack
of mobile computing. Senior management and operations staff are forced to
stay in their offices when dealing with email and personal administration.
This does not support the hospital’s philosophy of “management by walking
around.”
GEH recognizes that providing timely clinical access to evidence-based
medicine will help the hospital achieve its quality and efficiency goals,
and that mobile technologies play an important role in these broader
initiatives. Areas of interest for mobile technologies at GEH include
outpatient follow-up, admissions, chronic disease management and clinical
support services.
Pilot overview
As a first step toward taking advantage of the wireless network, George
Eliot Hospital and the Technology Office of the National Health Service
(NHS) Connecting for Health (CfH) initiative worked with Intel Solution
Services on a pilot to understand the implications and impact of introducing
mobile technology into an acute clinical environment.
EH had recently installed an 802.11b/g wireless network. The
hospital had also deployed an Accident and Emergency patient-tracking
dashboard known as the A&E Trakker, the first such digital dashboard system
at GEH, but the dashboard was available only from desktop systems.
With input from key administrators, clinical users and ward managers,
Intel Solution Services developed a mobile information portal that made a
number of information sources available to GEH clinical and administrative
staff . To provide
access to the portal and its services, 20 Fujitsu Siemens laptop and tablet
PCs were deployed to a range of users, including general and specialty
nurses, medical and surgical consultants and senior house officers (SHO).
Pilot users represented a range of wards and functions and included the
A&E and emergency medical unit (EMU) wards. A&E handles unplanned emergency
admissions form the local community, while EMU takes care of planned
emergency admissions from the primary care environment and overspill from
A&E. Several of the clinicians spent significant amounts of time dealing
with patients in different physical locations within the hospital. This
pilot focused solely on clinical staff, and devices were not provided to
administrative personnel.
The pilot concentrated on the productivity impact of a new system that
allowed secure, online access to pathology and radiology results. Clinical
and IT staff received relevant training prior to and during the pilot
deployment. Feedback was gathered through structured interviews and online
questionnaires, as well as regular visits to the wards and drop-in meetings
with mobile clinical staff.
Pilot technologies
The pilot employed a number of technologies already in place at GEH. In
addition to the wireless network, these included Microsoft Active
Directory, Exchange Server and SharePoint Services. The wireless network
covered all wards, clinical areas and most administration areas of GEH,
offering approximately 80% total site coverage. The portal used a combined
security model with WEP authentication and encryption to ensure the
confidentiality of data and results.
Prior to the pilot, the ability to view pathology results electronically
existed only to a limited number of clinicians through a text based system,
and no electronic access was available to radiology reports. The pilot
introduced a number of new functions by providing Indigo4’s Indigo Review to
all clinical staff:
- Electronic availability of radiology summary reports, previously
available only in paper format.
- Display of pathology and radiology requests and matching reports,
previously available only on a text-based, green-screen system.
- Aggregated display of results by a specific patient, ward, requestor
or test type.
- Historical, non-questionable record of a patient’s test history with
graphical trends where possible.
- Audit trail indicating timings of test delivery to the lab and when
the results were made available.
- Visible audit trail of who viewed which report and when.
- Normal/abnormal indications as set by the local lab.
Intel Solution Services integrated Indigo4 Review Server into the portal,
providing a transparent sign-on experience for the user. Indigo4 Review
Server is a robust and flexible product and GEH is adopting it quickly.
Results: time and resource savings
With just 20 mobile devices in deployment, it was not possible to
directly assess the organizational benefits of providing healthcare workers
with mobile access to information and applications, so the pilot focused on
identifying the impact and benefits at the individual level. These benefits
were considerable, with mobile clinicians realizing significant time savings
in both the outpatient and medical wards. Mobile devices also reduced the
administrative burden on the nurses in these wards. Further benefits were
seen in the areas of patient safety and quality of care.
The following are examples of the types of time and resource savings
observed.
Patient and results tracking in medical ward
In GEH’s general wards, a team of consultants, registers and SHOs monitor
patients. To maintain a constant treatment thread, each ward maintains a
list of patients that includes the patient’s name, date of birth and NHS
number, bed number, date admitted, working diagnosis, next steps, current
treatment and discharge plans.
Typically, information is noted manually by the physician during ward
rounds or memorized for each patient. The information is then entered into a
Microsoft Word document when the clinician gains access to the ward desktop
PC. This requires 10-30 minutes per shift for the medical team, as well as
additional time for the nursing staff to update patient movements. In some
cases, the records are not updated until the SHO’s shift is over, resulting
in inaccurate information that can impact the quality of care.
When equipped with tablet and notebook PCs, clinical staff could record
patient notes directly into the system at the patient’s bedside. This
reduced their administrative tasks at the end of ward rounds, minimized
duplicate effort, improved the quality of information and made the
information available to other clinical staff immediately. Ward nurses saved
an average 10 minutes per shift, and medical staff 20 minutes per shift.
Clinical staff in the medical wards also benefited from the ability to
quickly locate pathology and radiology results. With mobile access to
information at the bedside, the SHO did not waste time gathering
information prior to ward rounds. The flow of the ward round was not
interrupted while staff tried to track down information and results. The
burden on the nursing staff was reduces, and there were fewer disruptions to
patient care and to the sharing of information among care givers.
Pre-op patient screening
The pre-operative assessment ward at GEH prepares approximately 30
patients daily for surgery. A key task for the senior nursing staff is to
review the patient’s pathology results and ensure any abnormalities are
flagged before the patient arrives, to reduce the chance of having to cancel
a procedure at the last minute. There are typically between one and four
results to review for each patient, and patients are planned and screened up
to seven days in advance. This task typically consumed 2-3 hours every day.
Before the pilot, screening these results was a manual process often
requiring the nurses to track down information in different parts of the
hospital. With the tablet PCs and the Indigo Review application, nurses
performed the work online and saved an estimated 45 minutes daily. This
change reduced the time spent chasing paper results and minimized the need
to reschedule surgeries because test results could not be located. It also
freed nurses to pull up patient results whenever and wherever they had some
quiet time, rather than waiting until the end of the day. Patient care
improved because the Review application provided an audit trail identifying
tests that had been checked. Patients avoided the distress and inconvenience
of rescheduled surgeries.
Surgery notes
Surgery notes are critical for maintaining accurate records of surgical
procedures and are used to guide the care provided after the operation.
Typically, the surgeon dictates notes during the operation, and they are
later typed by administrative staff, then reviewed and approved by the
surgeon. The average turnaround time is 7-10 days before notes are completed
and available to other staff and clinics. If delays or filing errors occur,
then notes are not in the file when the patient returns for a post-op visit.
The quality of care can be affected, and patients may have to be
rescheduled, adding costs and decreasing patient satisfaction.
During the mobile pilot, selected surgeons used ink recognition to fill
out template surgery notes and drawings, which can be saved to a file as
well as printed. The notes are filed immediately, and the report is
available at the post-op visit in both paper forms and online. Surgeons and
administrative staff saved an average of 20 minutes apiece for each surgery,
and the post-op clinic staff saved 10 minutes by not having to search for
missing notes.
Outpatient reception
GEH’s outpatient ward consists of 45-50 consulting rooms and a number of
reception areas and offices, and services 122,000 patients annually through
various weekly clinics. To minimize wasted time for consultants, clinics and
patients, patients are asked to report one-half an hour early for their
appointment. When they arrive, their files are retrieved and checked. If a
file or results are missing, time is taken to locate the file and print the
results. As a result, some patients are rescheduled, or their appointment is
delayed.
The pilot introduced tablet PCs to a number of doctors who participated
in outpatient visits as well as to clinic nurses. Productivity savings
resulted because it was no longer necessary to wait for paper results. In
addition, clinic visits requiring radiology results were dramatically
improved since there was no need to search for reports in the hospital
archive. Patients avoided having to arrive 30 minutes early for
pre-processing, and nurses saved 5-45 minutes searching for pathology and
radiology results.
Results: patient safety and improved care
Other instances of improved patient care and patient safety were recorded
in addition to those noted in the preceding examples. For example, in the
past, when caring for a patient with a heart attack in A&E, a staff member
would have to step out of the room and phone for lab reports. With a tablet
or notebook at the bedside, results could be monitored at a glance allowing
an additional member of staff to be in the room and caring for the patient.
Long-term monitoring of chronic patients was also enhanced. The full
medical team (patient, GP and consultant) could be notified immediately if a
primary care patient’s results were abnormal, leading to faster modification
of treatment plans.
The mobile applications and devices also provided a variety of
non-tangible benefits that impacted patient care:
- Faster clinic turnaround time. Numerous individual tasks were
completed more quickly because the needed information was available
immediately and locally.
- Faster, more informed decision making. Physicians were able to look
up medical information, reference documents and up-to-date web-based
resources when needed instead of having to wait until later in the day
or the next day when the physician was back in the office.
- Improved continuity of care. Mobile devices allowed information
access and transfer to happen in real-time and at the patient’s bed or
during a staff consultation. Consultation and information flow was not
interrupted to track down missing paper documents.
- Enhanced patient confidence. Clinicians and nurses used the mobile
devices to educate patients, helping to increase comprehension
andtreatment compliance. Patients were shown their results and trends
visually to discuss progress and treatments. Patients might also be
shown externally available public websites relative to their condition.
- Improved patient satisfaction. Changes such as shorter wait times
and fewer lost results tend to make patients feeling more satisfied with
their encounters with the healthcare system.
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